|
Name: Darmstadtium (Ununnilium) |
Boiling Point: unknown Melting Point: unknown Electrons Energy Level: unknown Isotopes: 15 + None Stable Heat of Vaporization: unknown Heat of Fusion: unknown Density: unknown Specific Heat: unknown Atomic Radius: unknown Ionic Radius: unknown Electronegativity: unknown Vapor Pressure: unknown |
Darmstadtium was first generated on November 9, 1994 at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerioneforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, by a team headed by Dr. Jorge Rigol. Only a few atoms of it were prepared by nuclear fusion, involving bombarding a lead target with nickel with a device known as a linear accelerator:
This produced one atom of darmstadtium-269, an isotope with a half-life of about 0.17 milliseconds (0.00017 seconds), after at least a billion billion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000) nickel ions were fired at the lead target over the course of a week.
The element was named after the place of its discovery, Darmstadt (the GSI is located in Wixhausen, a northern portion of the city). The new name was given to it by the IUPAC on August 16, 2003.
1s2 | |||||||
2s2 | 2p6 | ||||||
3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | |||||
4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | ||||
5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f14 | ||||
6s2 | 6p6 | 6d9 | |||||
7s1 |
Ununnilium was the previous temporary IUPAC systematic name of this synthetic superheavy element in the periodic table with the symbol Uun and atomic number 110.
It is one of the so-called super-heavy atoms. This syntheic element quickly decays: its isotopes of mass 267 to 273 have half-lives measured in microseconds. Heavier isotopes of darmstadtium, of mass 279 and 281, have been subsequently synthesized and are more stable, with half-lives of 180 milliseconds and 11.1 seconds, respectively.
Darmstadtium's most stable isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of about 1.1 minutes. It decays into hassium-277 through alpha decay.
Isotope | Atomic Mass |
Half-Life |
---|---|---|
267Ds | 267.14434 | 3 µs |
268Ds | 268.14380 | ~100 µs |
269Ds | 269.14512 | 230 µs |
270Ds | 270.14472 | 160 µs |
271Ds | 271.14606 | 210 ms |
272Ds | 272.14632 | ~1 seconds |
273Ds | 273.14886 | 0.17 ms |
274Ds | 274.14949 | ~2 seconds |
275Ds | 275.15218 | ~2 seconds |
276Ds | 276.15303 | ~5 seconds |
277Ds | 277.15565 | ~5 seconds |
278Ds | 278.15647 | ~10 seconds |
279Ds | 279.15886 | 0.18 seconds |
280Ds | 280.15980 | 11 seconds |
281Ds | 281.16206 | 1.1 minutes |
Nuclides produced include:
62Ni + 208Pb 269Ds + 1 n, 1994, GSI
Darmstadt, 3 atoms
64Ni + 207Pb 270Ds + 1 n, 2000, GSI
Darmstadt, 8 atoms
64Ni + 208Pb 271Ds + 1 n, 1994, GSI
Darmstadt, 9 atoms
64Ni + 208Pb 271Ds + 1 n, 2000, GSI
Darmstadt, 4 atoms
64Ni + 208Pb 271Ds + 1 n, 2000, LBNL
Berkeley, 2 atoms
64Ni + 208Pb 271Ds + 1 n, 2002, RIKEN
Japan, 14 atoms
70Zn + 208Pb 277Uub + 1 n,
273Ds + 1
alpha, 1996, GSI Darmstadt, 1 atom
70Zn + 208Pb 277Uub + 1 n,
273Ds + 1
alpha, 2000, GSI Darmstadt, 1 atom
48Ca + 244Pu 288Uuq + 4 n,
280Ds + 2
alpha, 1999, FLNR Dubna, 2 atoms
48Ca + 244Pu 289Uuq + 3 n,
281Ds + 2
alpha, 1998, FLNR Dubna, 1 atom
48Ca + 248Cm 292Uuh + 4 n,
280Ds + 3
alpha, 2000, FLNR Dubna, 1 atom
48Ca + 248Cm 292Uuh + 4 n,
280Ds + 3
alpha, 2001, FLNR Dubna, 2 atoms
Trivia
Some suggested (for fun) the name policium for the new element, because 110 is the emergency telephone number for the German police.
Darmstadtium Data |
Atomic Structure
Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
Regulatory / Health
Who / Where / When / How
|
Transition Metals | ||||||||||
Group | 3 (IIIB) |
4 (IVB) |
5 (VB) |
6 (VIB) |
7 (VIIB) |
8 (VIIIB) |
9 (VIIIB) |
10 (VIIIB) | 11 (IB) |
12 (IIB) |
Period 4 | 21 Sc 44.95 |
22 Ti 47.86 |
23 V 50.94 |
24 Cr 51.99 |
25 Mn 54.93 |
26 Fe 55.84 |
27 Co 58.93 |
28 Ni 58.69 |
29 Cu 63.54 |
30 Zn 65.39 |
Period 5 | 39 Y 88.90 |
40 Zr 91.22 |
41 Nb 92.90 |
42 Mo 95.94 |
43 Tc 98.00 |
44 Ru 101.0 |
45 Rh 102.9 |
46 Pd 106.4 |
47 Ag 107.8 |
48 Cd 112.4 |
Period 6 | 57 La 138.9 |
72 Hf 178.4 |
73 Ta 180.9 |
74 W 183.8 |
75 Re 186.2 |
76 Os 190.2 |
77 Ir 192.2 |
78 Pt 195.0 |
79 Au 196.9 |
80 Hg 200.5 |
Period 7 | 89 Ac 227.0 |
104 Rf 261.0 |
105 Db 262.0 |
106 Sg 266.0 |
107 Bh 264.0 |
108 Hs 269.0 |
109 Mt 268.0 |
110 Ds 269.0 |
111 Rg 272.0 |
112 Uub 277.0 |