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Name: Seaborgium |
Boiling Point: unknown Melting Point: unknown Electrons Energy Level: 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2 Isotopes: 16 + None Stable Heat of Vaporization: unknown Heat of Fusion: unknown Density: unknown Specific Heat: unknown Atomic Radius: unknown Ionic Radius: unknown Electronegativity: unknown |
1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s2p6d10f14 5s2p6d10f14 6s2p6d4 7s2 |
Element 106 was discovered almost simultaneously by two different laboratories. In June 1974, an American research team led by Albert Ghiorso at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley reported creating an isotope with mass number 263, four free neutrons and a half-life of 1.0 second by bombarding atoms of 249Californium with ions of 18Oxygen using a machine called the Super-Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator.
249Ca + 18O 263Sg
259Rf
255No
In September 1974, a Soviet team led by G.N. Flerov at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna, Russia reported producing an isotope with mass number 259 and a half-life of 0.48 seconds. Their method involved bombarding atoms of 207Pb and 208Pb with ions of 54Cr with a device called a cyclotron.
1s2 | |||||||
2s2 | 2p6 | ||||||
3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | |||||
4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | ||||
5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f14 | ||||
6s2 | 6p6 | 6d4 | |||||
7s2 |
Because their work was independently confirmed first, the Americans suggested the name seaborgium to honor the American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg credited as a member of the American team along with Ghiorso, J.M. Nitschke, J.R. Alonso, C.T. Alonso, M. Nurmia, E. Kenneth Hulet, and R.W. Lougheed in recognition of his participation in the discovery of several other actinides. The name selected by the team became controversial. An international committee decided in 1992 that the Berkeley and Dubna laboratories should share credit for the discovery.
Glenn T. Seaborg
An element naming controversy erupted and as a result IUPAC adopted unnilhexium, symbol Unh) as a temporary, systematic element name. In 1994 a committee of IUPAC recommended that element 106 be named rutherfordium and adopted a rule that no element can be named after a living person. This ruling was fiercely objected to by the American Chemical Society. Critics pointed out that a precedent had been set in the naming of einstenium during Albert Einstein's life. In 1997, as part of a compromise involving elements 104 to 108, the name seaborgium for element 106 was recognized internationally.
There are 16 known isotopes of Seaborgium, the longest-lived of which is 271Sg which decays through alpha decay and spontaneous fission. It has a half-life of 2.4 minutes. The shortest-lived isotope is 258Sg which also decays through alpha decay and spontaneous fission. It has a half-life of 2.9 ms.
Seaborgium's isotope Seaborgium-266, has a half-life of about 21 seconds. It decays into Rutherfordium-262 through alpha decay or decays through spontaneous fission..
Isotope | Atomic Mass |
Half-Life |
---|---|---|
258Sg | 258.11317 | 2.9 ms |
259Sg | 259.11450 | 580 ms |
260Sg | 260.11442 | 3.8 ms |
261Sg | 261.11612 | 230 ms |
262Sg | 262.1164 | 8 ms |
263Sg | 263.11832 | 1.0 seconds |
264Sg | 264.11893 | ~0.4 seconds |
265Sg | 265.12111 | 8 seconds |
266Sg | 266.12207 | 21 seconds |
267Sg | 267.12443 | 19 ms |
268Sg | 268.12561 | ~30 seconds |
269Sg | 269.12876 | 35 seconds |
270Sg | 270.13033 | ~10 minutes |
271Sg | 271.13347 | 2.4 minutes |
272Sg | 272.13516 | ~1 hours |
273Sg | 273.13822 | ~1 minutes |
Seaborgium Data |
|
Transition Metals | ||||||||||
Group | 3 (IIIB) |
4 (IVB) |
5 (VB) |
6 (VIB) |
7 (VIIB) |
8 (VIIIB) |
9 (VIIIB) |
10 (VIIIB) | 11 (IB) |
12 (IIB) |
Period 4 | 21 Sc 44.95 |
22 Ti 47.86 |
23 V 50.94 |
24 Cr 51.99 |
25 Mn 54.93 |
26 Fe 55.84 |
27 Co 58.93 |
28 Ni 58.69 |
29 Cu 63.54 |
30 Zn 65.39 |
Period 5 | 39 Y 88.90 |
40 Zr 91.22 |
41 Nb 92.90 |
42 Mo 95.94 |
43 Tc 98.00 |
44 Ru 101.0 |
45 Rh 102.9 |
46 Pd 106.4 |
47 Ag 107.8 |
48 Cd 112.4 |
Period 6 | 57 La 138.9 |
72 Hf 178.4 |
73 Ta 180.9 |
74 W 183.8 |
75 Re 186.2 |
76 Os 190.2 |
77 Ir 192.2 |
78 Pt 195.0 |
79 Au 196.9 |
80 Hg 200.5 |
Period 7 | 89 Ac 227.0 |
104 Rf 261.0 |
105 Db 262.0 |
106 Sg 266.0 |
107 Bh 264.0 |
108 Hs 269.0 |
109 Mt 268.0 |
110 Ds 269.0 |
111 Rg 272.0 |
112 Uub 277.0 |