October 29, 1805
William Clark
a Cloudy morning wind Still from th West not hard, we Set out at day light
proceeded on about 5 miles and Came too at a Lodge of a Chief which we made
at the upper village at th falls about his house there is Six others [Shown
as a seven-house village on Clark's maps; it was a little above present Lyle, Washington.]
This chief gave us to eate Sackacommis burries Hasel nuts [See
October 22, 1805, where the nuts are called "Philburts" as in Clark's notebook
entry for this day. Saccacommis is bearberry or kinnikinnick, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.
It is the same plant which Lewis and Clark collected at Fort Mandan. The
plant is relatively abundant in the Cascade Range.] fish Pounded, and a kind of
Bread made of roots-- we gave to the Women pices of ribon, which they appeared
pleased with-- those houses are large 25 feet Sqr and contain abt. 8 men, Say
30 inhabitents--
Course
| N. 55o W. |
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miles to a Lard. point, pasd a run on Lard Side |
| West |
8 |
miles to Rock Island near the middle of River passed 7 Houses
of Indians about 50 men at 1 mile on the Stard Side. Brakfast
Those people fish at the last narrows, & have but little pounded fish, Som dried and
buries |
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12 |
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Those people are friendly gave us to eate fish Beries, nuts
bread of roots & Drid beries and we Call this the friendly Village We
purchased 12 dogs of them & 4 Sacks of Pounded fish, and some fiew Dried Berries and
proceeded on at 4 miles further we landed to Smoke a pipe with the people of a
village of 11 houses we found those people also friendly Their
Village is Situated imediately below the mouth of a River ["Cataract
River", near present Klickitat River.] of 60 yards water which falls in on
the Stard. Side and heads in the mountains to the N. & N, E, the Indians inform is
that this rive is long <but> and full of falls no Salmon pass up it.
They also inform that 10 nations lives on this river by hunting and on buries
&c. The Countrey begin to be tinly timbered with Pine & low white oake verry
rocky and hilley-- We purchased at this vilg 4 dogs-- at the end
of this Course is 3 rocks, in the river and a rock point from the lard. the
middle rock is large and has a number of graves on it we call it the Sepulchar
Island. [Later Memaloose Ilahee or Memaloose Island, a few miles above Mosier,
Oregon. Either the Wishram or the Dalles Indians used Memaloose Island as a burial
ground.] The last River we call Caterack River from the number of
falls which the Indians inform is on it The Indians are afraid to hunt or be
on th Lard Side of this Columbia river for fear of the Snake Ind. who reside on a fork of
this river which falls in above the falls a good Situation for winter quarters
if game can be had is just below Sepulchar rock on the Lard Side, high & pine and oake
timber the rocks ruged above, good hunting Countrey back, as it appears from
the river Indian village opsd. of 2 Lodgs river 1/2 mile wide at rocks
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12 |
miles brought forward |
| S. 60o W. |
5 |
miles to a point of rocks Island in a Lard bend, passed 2 rocks in the
river-- passed 2 Houses at 1 mile on the Stard Side and 2 at 4 miles on the Stard.
Side countrey on the Lard. side has more timber than common and looks well for
huntg. high and ruged.-- |
| S. 80o W. |
6 |
<to a point> miles to 4 Houses in a point of a timbered bottom on
the lard. Side at a large creek or River 40 yr. passed a bottom on the Stard
Side the distance in which there is 14 Indian houses-- The falls mountain covered
with Snow is South |
| S. 70o W. |
6 |
miles to a high Clift of rocks Std bend passed a large creek
at 1 mile on the Stard. Side in which the Indians catch fish, a large Sand bar from
the Lard. Side for 4 miles, at which place a small stream of water falls over a rock of
100 feet on the Lard Side passed 4 Indian Houses at 5 miels in a bottom on the Lard
Side |
The roabes of those Indians are, of wolf deer Elk, wild cats, Some fox,
& Deer I saw one of the mountain Sheep, th wool thick and long Corse hair
on the back, resembling bristles-- those animals live among the rocks in those
mountains below, orter is much valued by those people they Cew their hair on each Side
with it and ware it about the necks with the tail in front
| S. 56o W. |
6 |
miles to a point of timbr. bottom on the Lard. Side, pasd. a Stard. point
at 2 miles Here the mountains are high on each Side, the high points of those
to the Lard. has Snow |
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29 |
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6 |
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ms. |
35 |
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Came too at 3 miles on this Course at 3 Houses of flatheads and Encaped
on the Stard. Side, [A little above the mouth of Little White Salmon River,
"Little lake C" on Clark's map. Two villages were identified in this area on the
north shore of the Columbia occupied by White Salmon and Klickitat peoples.] a
Pond lies back of those people in which we Saw great numbers of the Small Swan.
[Possibly the Tundra (Lewis & Clark's whistling) Swan, Cygnus columbianus,
See March 9, 1806.] we Purchased of those people 3 Dogs they gave us
High bush cramburies, [Probably the American Cranberry bush, Viburnum
trilobum (also known as high-bush cranberry, V. opulus). It is rare in
Washington and restricted to the Columbia gorge. The species is more common in the
northeastern U.S. which explains Lewis's familiarity with the name. However, the
Squashberry, V. edule also has edible fruits which can be dried and may have been
the item in question.] bread of roots and roots, they were pleased with musick of
th violin.
October 29, 1805
William Clark
A cloudy morning wind from the West but not hard, we Set out at day light, and
proceeded on about five miles Came too on the Stard. Side at a village of 7
houses built in the Same form and materials of those above, here we found the Chief we had
Seen at the long narrows name [blank] we entered his lodge and he
gave us to eate Pounded fish, bread made of roots. Filberts nuts, & the berries
of Sackecomme we gave to each woman of the lodge a brace of Ribon of which they were
much pleased. each of those houses may be calculated to contain 8 men and 30 Soles,
they are hospitable and good humered Speak the Same language of the inhabitants of the
last village, we call this the friendly village. I observed in the lodge of the
Chief Sundery articles which must have been precured from the white people, Such a Scarlet
& blue Cloth Sward Jacket & hat. I also abserved two wide Split boards with
images on them Cut and pointed in emitation of a man; I pointed to this image and asked
<The> a man to what use he put them to, he Said Something the only word I understood
was "good," and then Steped to the image and took out his Bow & quiver to
Show me, and Some other of his war emplemints, from behind it.
The Chief then directed his wife to hand him his medison bag which he opened and Showed
us 14 fingers which he Said was the fingers of his enemies which he had taken in war, and
pointed to S. E. from which direction I concluded they were Snake Indians; this is the
first Instance I ever knew of the Indians takeing any other trofea of their exploits off
the dead bodies of their Enimies except the Scalp.-- The Chief painted those fingers
with Several other articles which was in his bag red and Securely put them back, haveing
first mad a Short harrang which I Suppose was bragging of what he had done in war.
we purchased 12 Dogs and 4 Sacks of fish, & Some fiew ascid berries, after brackfast
we proceeded on, the mountains are high on each Side, contianing Scattering pine white
oake and under groth, hill Sides Steep and rockey; at 4 miles lower we observed a Small
river falling in with tret rapidity on the Stard. Side below which is a village of 11
houses, here we landed to Smoke a pipe with the nativs and examine the mouth of the river,
which I found to be 60 yards wide rapid and eep, The inhabitants of the village are
friendly and Chearfull; those people inform us also those at the last village that this
little river is long and full of falls, no Salmon pass up it, it runs from N. N. E.
that ten nations live on this river and its waters, on buries, and
what game they Can kill with their Bow & arrows
we purchased 4 dogs and Set out-- (this village is the of the Same nation of the
one we last passed) and proceeded on The Countrey on each side begin to be
thicker timbered with Pine and low white Oake; verry rockey and broken. passed
three large rocks in The river the middle rock is large long and has Several
Squar vaults on it. we call this rockey Island the Supulchar-- The
last river we passed we Shall Call the Cataract River from the number of falls
which the Indians say is on it-- passed 2 Lodges of Indians a Short distance
below the Sepulchar Island on the Stard. Side river wide, at 4 mile passed 2 houses on the
Stard. Side, Six miles lower passed 4 houses above the mouth of a Small river 40 yards
wide on the Lard. Side ["River Labiche" on Clark's map, named for
Francois Labiche, now Hood River, which meets the Columbia river at the town of Hood
River, Oregon.] a thick timbered bottom above & back of those houses;
those are the first houses which we have Seen on the South Side of the Columbia River,
(and the axess to those dificuelt) for fear of the approach of their common enemies the
Snake Indians, passed 14 houes on the Std. Side Scattered on the bank-- from
the mouth of this little river which we shall Call Labeasche River, the falls mountain
[Mt. Hood.] is South and the top is covered with Snow. one miles below pass
the mouth of a large rapid Stream on the Stard. Side, [White Salmon River,
"Canoe Creek" on Clark's map.] opposit to a large Sand bar, in
this crek the Indians above take their fish, here we Saw Several canoes, which induced us
to call this Canoe Creek it is 28 yards wide, about 4 miles lower and below the Sand bar
is a butifull cascade falling over a rock of about 100 feet, a Short distance lower passed
4 Indian houses on the Lard. Side in a timbered bottom, a fiew miles further we came too
at 3 houses on Stard. Side, back of which is a pond in which I Saw Great numbers of Small
Swan, Capt. Lewis and [I] went into the houses of those people who
appeared Somewhat Surprised at first Their houses are built on the Same
Construction of those abov, Speak the Same language and Dress in the Same way, robes of
the Skins of wolves, Deer, Elk, wild cat, or Loucirvia [Lynx, Lynx canadensis.]
& fox, also Saw a mountain Sheap Skin the wool of which is long, thick, & corse
with long corse hare on the top of the neck and back Something resembling bristles of a
goat, the skin was of white hare, those animals these people inform me by Signs live in
the moutnains among the rocks, their horns are Small and Streight, Orter Skins are highly
prised among those people as well as those on the river above, They Cue their hare which
is divided on each Sholder, and also ware Small Strips about their necks with the tale
hanging down in front.-- Those people gave us, High bush cram berries,
bread made of roots, and roots; we purchased three dogs for the party to eate; we Smoked
with the men, all muche pleased with the violin--. Here the mountains are high on
each Side, those to the Lard. Side has Some Snow on them at this time, more timber than
above and of greater variety.
October 29, 1805
Patrick Gass
We embarked early in a cloudy morning; passed high hills on both sides of the river, on
which there was pine timber; and some birch on the banks of the river. At breakfast time
we stopt at a small village of the natives and purchased some more dogs: then proceeded
on; passed a number more Indian camps, and a high mountainous country on both sides. In
the evening we discovered a hight mountain to the south, not more than five miles off,
covered with snow. We have here still water; and the breadth of the river is from three
quarters to a mile. We went 23 miles and encamped at a small village on the north side.
October 29, 1805
John Ordway
a cloudy morning. we Set out eairly, and proceeded on about 6 miles and halted at
Some Indian lodges where we bought a number more dogs and proceeded on the current
gentle passed a great number of Indian villages on the Stard Side. passed a
creek on the Stard. Side and one on the Lard. Side. [Cataract River, now Klickitat
River and their Labiche River , Francois Labiche, now Hood River] Saw 2 or
3 cabbens on the Lard side which is the first we Seen on that Side on this River. Saw a
beautiful Spring on the Lard Side, which run off a high clift of rocks, and fell of[f]
the clift upwards of a hundred feet perpinticular. the country Mountaineous. high clifts
on the River. mostly covred with pine timber. Some cotten wood [Probably Black
Cottonwood, Populus trchocarpa] on the narrow bottoms. Some willow
also we bought several more dogs at one of the villages. we Came 26 miles this
day and Camped [Little Lake Creek to the Corps, now Little White Salmon Creek]
at a village on the Stard. Side Saw Snow on a mountain on the Lard Side. [Mt.
Hood]
October 29, 1805
Joseph Whitehouse
a cloudy morning. we Set out eairly and proceeded on about 6 miles and halted for
breakfast at Some Indian villages [Chiluckittequaws] on the Stard. Side,
where we bought a nomber more fat dogs we proceeded on the current
gentle passed a great nomber of Indian villages on the Stard Side which had their
houses built like those at the falls. Saw 2 or 3 Camps on the Lard. Side, which was
the first we Saw on that Side of the Calm. R. passed the mo. of two creeks, [Klickitat
River on the right, and Hood River on the left. The party named them Cataract River
and Labiche River for Francois Labiche.] one on each Side, and a Spring on Lard.
Side which ran of a high clift of rocks which looked curious. the country this day
mountaineous high clifts of rocks on each side of the River. the country mostly
timbred Such as pine and oak. Some cottonwood [Most Likely Black Cottonwood,
Populus trichocarpa.] on Some of the narrow bottoms along the Shores
willows also. we bought Several more dogs at one of the villages. went 26
miles and Camped [A little below the Little White Salmon River, the Captains'
Little Lake Creek. The Natives in this vicinity were White Salmon and Klickitat Indians.]
at a village on the Stard. Side in a Small or narrow bottom of large cotton trees.
we bought Several bags of pounded Sammon to day. we Saw Snow on the timbred
mountains [The Cascade Range.] on the Lard. Side a little back from the
River.
October 29, 1805
Joseph Whitehouse
A cloudy cool morning. We set out early & proceeded on about 6 Miles &
halted to breakfast, at some Indian Lodges, lying on the North side of the River; which
was Inhabited by a number of Indians. We purchased from those Indians, a number more
fat dogs. We proceeded on our Voyage, & found the current of the River to run
very gentle, & passed a great number of Indian Villages, lying on the North side of
the River. The houses in those Villages; were built in the same manner of those that
I have already described that lay at the falls of this River. We passed 3 Indain
Camps which were on the South side of the River. these were the first Indian camps,
that we had seen, that lay on that side of the River. We also passed two Creeks,
lying on each side of the River & a spring which lay on the South side of the River,
which ran from off a high Clift of Rocks & had a curious appearance.--
The Country this day is very Mountaineous & has high clifts of Rocks lying on each
side of the River. The Country her abounds with Timber of Pine & Cotton wood.--
The bottoms along the River is small, & has will growing on them. We
purchased of the Natives a number of bags of pounded Salmon. We saw mountains lying
on the South side of the River; a distance back from it; Covered with timber, which had
Snow lying on them. We came about 26 Miles this day, & encamped at an Indian
Village, lying on the North side of the River, in a narrow bottom, which was covered with
Cotton Wood Trees.-- We found the Natives here very friendly & of the Flatt head
nation.
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